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Posts by Holden
Usually a random IV is used for encryption with AES in CBC mode, so that key/IV pairs are not reused, which would be a vulnerability. During decryption, the IV of the encryption is required. If de...
The formulas for encryption and decryption require a positive value of the modulo operation. However, this is not guaranteed for all implementations of the modulo operator. For instance, in Python ...
The Caesar cipher is a substitution cipher in which the letters of an ordered alphabet are cyclically shifted by a given number. A detailed description can be found e.g. here. Let u be the index o...