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Q&A Child process works only once after the parent's two calls to scanf

This program creates a child process and shares two integers (base and height) through the shared memory. The parent process asks four times to insert two integers and wait for the child process t...

1 answer  ·  posted 2y ago by Luca_Impellizzeri‭  ·  last activity 2y ago by Alexei‭

#4: Post edited by user avatar Dirk Herrmann‭ · 2022-05-17T04:48:40Z (over 2 years ago)
Less radical change proposal, avoiding assumptions about OPs intentions
  • The pid works only once after the two calls to scanf
  • Child process works only once after the parent's two calls to scanf
  • This program creates a pid and shares two integers (`base` and `height`) through the shared memory.
  • The parent process time asks four times to insert two integers and wait for the pid to calculate the area.
  • After the four cycles, the ppid waits for the end of its child, deletes the shared memory and the semaphore and ends. The child waits for the new variable (`base`, `height` with semaphore), calculates the area, and prints it, and after the four iterations, it ends.
  • I have to use semaphore for process synchronization and to regulate the critical section. The problem consists of the pid, it works only one time.
  • ```c
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • int sem_up(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = 1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • ```
  • This program creates a child process and shares two integers (`base` and `height`) through the shared memory.
  • The parent process asks four times to insert two integers and wait for the child process to calculate the area.
  • After the four cycles, the parent process waits for the end of its child, deletes the shared memory and the semaphore and ends. The child waits for the new variable (`base`, `height` with semaphore), calculates the area, and prints it, and after the four iterations, it ends.
  • I have to use semaphore for process synchronization and to regulate the critical section. The problem relates to the child process, it works only one time.
  • ```c
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • int sem_up(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = 1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • ```
#3: Post edited by user avatar Alexei‭ · 2022-05-13T15:39:40Z (over 2 years ago)
added relevant tags + minor fixes
  • This program creates a pid and shares two integers (`base` and `height`) through the shared memory.
  • The parent process time asks four times to insert two integers and wait for the pid to calculate the area.
  • After the four cicles, the ppid waits for the end of its child, deletes the shared memory and the semaphore and ends. The child waits for the new variable (`base`, `height` with semaphore), calculates the area, and prints it, and after the four interations, it ends.
  • I have to use semaphore for process synchronization and to regulate the critical session. The problem consists in the pid, it works only one time.
  • ```c
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • int sem_up(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = 1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • ```
  • This program creates a pid and shares two integers (`base` and `height`) through the shared memory.
  • The parent process time asks four times to insert two integers and wait for the pid to calculate the area.
  • After the four cycles, the ppid waits for the end of its child, deletes the shared memory and the semaphore and ends. The child waits for the new variable (`base`, `height` with semaphore), calculates the area, and prints it, and after the four iterations, it ends.
  • I have to use semaphore for process synchronization and to regulate the critical section. The problem consists of the pid, it works only one time.
  • ```c
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • int sem_up(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = 1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • ```
#2: Post edited by user avatar hkotsubo‭ · 2022-05-13T15:15:29Z (over 2 years ago)
rephrasing/fixes grammar issues, fix code block
  • The pid does work only one time after the two scanf.
  • The pid works only once after the two calls to scanf
  • So in this program the ppid crate a pid and with him share two interger("base and height") trought the shared memory.The parent processo for 4 time askt to the users to insert two integer and wait for the pid to calculate the area, after the 4 cicles the ppid wait for the end of its son, delete the shared memory and the semaphore and end its. The son for 4 time wait for the new variable(base,height with semaphore), calculates the area, and printf the area, after the 4 interation end itself. I have to use semaphore for the sincronization of the processo e to regulate the critical session. The problem consist in the pid that work only one time.
  • ````````
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • `````
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • int sem_up(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = 1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }`
  • This program creates a pid and shares two integers (`base` and `height`) through the shared memory.
  • The parent process time asks four times to insert two integers and wait for the pid to calculate the area.
  • After the four cicles, the ppid waits for the end of its child, deletes the shared memory and the semaphore and ends. The child waits for the new variable (`base`, `height` with semaphore), calculates the area, and prints it, and after the four interations, it ends.
  • I have to use semaphore for process synchronization and to regulate the critical session. The problem consists in the pid, it works only one time.
  • ```c
  • #include <stdio.h>
  • #include <stdlib.h>
  • #include <time.h>
  • #include <unistd.h>
  • #include <sys/wait.h>
  • #include <sys/types.h>
  • #include <sys/ipc.h>
  • #include <sys/sem.h>
  • #include <sys/shm.h>
  • #include <string.h>
  • #define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
  • #define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876
  • /** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
  • union semun
  • {
  • int val; /* Value for SETVAL */
  • struct semid_ds *buf; /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
  • unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
  • struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
  • };
  • /** Tipo di dato condiviso */
  • struct sh_data
  • {
  • int altezza;
  • int base;
  • };
  • /** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val);
  • int sem_down(int semid);
  • int sem_up(int semid);
  • void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);
  • int main()
  • {
  • pid_t pid;
  • int semid, shmid, i;
  • struct sh_data *data;
  • // SEMAFORO
  • // Creazione del semaforo
  • semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Inizializzazione semaforo
  • sem_set(semid, 1);
  • // SHARED MEMORY
  • // Creazione shared memory
  • shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  • // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
  • data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
  • // Processo figlio
  • pid = fork();
  • switch (pid)
  • {
  • case -1:
  • perror("Errore fork");
  • exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  • case 0:
  • controlla_area(semid, data);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • default:
  • break;
  • }
  • // Processo padre
  • for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
  • {
  • sem_down(semid);
  • printf("Inserisci la base: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->base));
  • printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
  • scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
  • sem_up(semid);
  • wait(NULL);
  • }
  • // Detach della shared memory
  • shmdt(data);
  • // Eliminazione della shared memory
  • shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
  • // Eliminazione semaforo
  • semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
  • exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  • }
  • void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
  • {
  • int area;
  • sem_down(semid);
  • area = data->base * data->altezza;
  • printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
  • sem_up(semid);
  • }
  • int sem_set(int semid, int val)
  • {
  • union semun s;
  • s.val = val;
  • /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
  • return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
  • }
  • int sem_down(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = -1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • int sem_up(int semid)
  • {
  • struct sembuf buff;
  • buff.sem_num = 0;
  • buff.sem_op = 1;
  • buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  • /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
  • return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
  • }
  • ```
#1: Initial revision by user avatar Luca_Impellizzeri‭ · 2022-05-13T13:38:45Z (over 2 years ago)
The pid does work only one time after the two scanf.
So in this program the ppid crate a pid and with him share two interger("base and height") trought the shared memory.The parent processo for 4 time askt to the users to insert two integer and wait for the pid to calculate the area, after the 4 cicles the ppid wait for the end of its son, delete the shared memory and the semaphore and end its. The son for 4 time wait for the new variable(base,height with semaphore), calculates the area, and printf the area, after the 4 interation end itself. I have to use semaphore for the sincronization of the processo e to regulate the critical session. The problem consist in the pid that work only one time.
````````
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <string.h>

#define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
#define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876

/** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
union semun
{
    int val;               /* Value for SETVAL */
    struct semid_ds *buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
    unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
    struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
};

/** Tipo di dato condiviso */
struct sh_data
{
    int altezza;
    int base;
};

/** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
int sem_set(int semid, int val);
int sem_down(int semid);
int sem_up(int semid);

void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);

int main()
{
    pid_t pid;
    int semid, shmid, i;
    struct sh_data *data;

    // SEMAFORO
    // Creazione del semaforo
    semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);

    // Inizializzazione semaforo
    sem_set(semid, 1);

    // SHARED MEMORY
    // Creazione shared memory
    shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);

    // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
    data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);

    // Processo figlio
    pid = fork();
    switch (pid)
    {
    case -1:
        perror("Errore fork");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    case 0:
        controlla_area(semid, data);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    default:
        break;
    }

    // Processo padre
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        sem_down(semid);
        printf("Inserisci la base: ");
        scanf("%d", &(data->base));
        printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
        scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
        sem_up(semid);
        wait(NULL);
    }

    // Detach della shared memory
    shmdt(data);

    // Eliminazione della shared memory
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);

    // Eliminazione semaforo
    semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
{
    int area;

    sem_down(semid);
    area = data->base * data->altezza;
    printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
    sem_up(semid);
}

int sem_set(int semid, int val)
{
    union semun s;
    s.val = val;
    /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
    return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
}

int sem_down(int semid)
{
    struct sembuf buff;
    buff.sem_num = 0;
    buff.sem_op = -1;
    buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
`````
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <string.h>

#define SEM_KEY (key_t)8765
#define SHM_KEY (key_t)9876

/** Questa union la trovate digitando "man semctl" */
union semun
{
    int val;               /* Value for SETVAL */
    struct semid_ds *buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
    unsigned short *array; /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
    struct seminfo *__buf; /* Buffer for IPC_INFO(Linux-specific) */
};

/** Tipo di dato condiviso */
struct sh_data
{
    int altezza;
    int base;
};

/** Funzioni di appoggio per operare con i semafori */
int sem_set(int semid, int val);
int sem_down(int semid);
int sem_up(int semid);

void controlla_area(int, struct sh_data *);

int main()
{
    pid_t pid;
    int semid, shmid, i;
    struct sh_data *data;

    // SEMAFORO
    // Creazione del semaforo
    semid = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);

    // Inizializzazione semaforo
    sem_set(semid, 1);

    // SHARED MEMORY
    // Creazione shared memory
    shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct sh_data), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);

    // Attach della shm allo spazio di indirizzi del processo
    data = (struct sh_data *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);

    // Processo figlio
    pid = fork();
    switch (pid)
    {
    case -1:
        perror("Errore fork");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    case 0:
        controlla_area(semid, data);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    default:
        break;
    }

    // Processo padre
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        sem_down(semid);
        printf("Inserisci la base: ");
        scanf("%d", &(data->base));
        printf("Inserisci l'altezza: ");
        scanf("%d", &(data->altezza));
        sem_up(semid);
        wait(NULL);
    }

    // Detach della shared memory
    shmdt(data);

    // Eliminazione della shared memory
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);

    // Eliminazione semaforo
    semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID);

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void controlla_area(int semid, struct sh_data *data)
{
    int area;

    sem_down(semid);
    area = data->base * data->altezza;
    printf("L'area del triangolo è %d\n", area);
    sem_up(semid);
}

int sem_set(int semid, int val)
{
    union semun s;
    s.val = val;
    /* Inizializza il valore del semaforo */
    return semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, s);
}

int sem_down(int semid)
{
    struct sembuf buff;
    buff.sem_num = 0;
    buff.sem_op = -1;
    buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
    /* Decrementa il valore del semaforo */
    return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
}

int sem_up(int semid)
{
    struct sembuf buff;
    buff.sem_num = 0;
    buff.sem_op = 1;
    buff.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
    /* Incrementa il valore del semaforo */
    return semop(semid, &buff, 1);
}`
c