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Cargo can't find installed Gtk libraries

I'm trying to build a Rust program, specifically [riff](https://github.com/Diegovsky/riff/). However, Cargo keeps complaining that various Gtk-related libraries don't exist. Here is the output of the compiler:

```txt
   Compiling openssl-sys v0.9.109
   Compiling glib-sys v0.20.10
   Compiling gobject-sys v0.20.10
   Compiling gio-sys v0.20.10
   Compiling glib-sys v0.21.1
   Compiling gobject-sys v0.21.1
warning: [email protected]: 
error: failed to run custom build command for `glib-sys v0.20.10`

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `/home/user/.local/share/riff/target/release/build/glib-sys-4792b6431b7a0065/build-script-build` (exit status: 1)
  --- stdout
  cargo:rerun-if-changed=/home/user/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/glib-sys-0.20.10/Cargo.toml
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=GLIB_2.0_NO_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:warning=
  pkg-config exited with status code 1
  > PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_CFLAGS=1 pkg-config --libs --cflags glib-2.0 'glib-2.0 >= 2.82'

  The system library `glib-2.0` required by crate `glib-sys` was not found.
  The file `glib-2.0.pc` needs to be installed and the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable must contain its parent directory.
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains the following:
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig

  HINT: you may need to install a package such as glib-2.0, glib-2.0-dev or glib-2.0-devel.

warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
warning: [email protected]: 
error: failed to run custom build command for `gobject-sys v0.20.10`

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `/home/user/.local/share/riff/target/release/build/gobject-sys-6bd21c007fde8ecd/build-script-build` (exit status: 1)
  --- stdout
  cargo:rerun-if-changed=/home/user/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/gobject-sys-0.20.10/Cargo.toml
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=GOBJECT_2.0_NO_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:warning=
  pkg-config exited with status code 1
  > PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_CFLAGS=1 pkg-config --libs --cflags gobject-2.0 'gobject-2.0 >= 2.82'

  The system library `gobject-2.0` required by crate `gobject-sys` was not found.
  The file `gobject-2.0.pc` needs to be installed and the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable must contain its parent directory.
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains the following:
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig

  HINT: you may need to install a package such as gobject-2.0, gobject-2.0-dev or gobject-2.0-devel.

warning: [email protected]: 
error: failed to run custom build command for `gio-sys v0.20.10`

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `/home/user/.local/share/riff/target/release/build/gio-sys-2bcfe94ddf82bd0d/build-script-build` (exit status: 1)
  --- stdout
  cargo:rerun-if-changed=/home/user/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/gio-sys-0.20.10/Cargo.toml
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=GIO_2.0_NO_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:warning=
  pkg-config exited with status code 1
  > PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_CFLAGS=1 pkg-config --libs --cflags gio-2.0 'gio-2.0 >= 2.82'

  The system library `gio-2.0` required by crate `gio-sys` was not found.
  The file `gio-2.0.pc` needs to be installed and the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable must contain its parent directory.
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains the following:
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
      - /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig

  HINT: you may need to install a package such as gio-2.0, gio-2.0-dev or gio-2.0-devel.

```

However, even though I've added the directory containing these files to the `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` environment variable and installed what seems like every Gtk library known to mankind, it still throws these errors.

This is a problem I come across once every year or so, when I get back into Rust Gtk development, but by the time it happens again, I've long forgotten how I solved it before.

This is the output when I run `ls /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/`. You can see that some of the very libraries Cargo is complaining about are in this directory.

```txt
alsa.pc                       gdk-pixbuf-xlib-2.0.pc                  gstreamer-gl-prototypes-1.0.pc   gudev-1.0.pc         libmpg123.pc               orc-0.4.pc            sqlite3.pc
atk-bridge-2.0.pc             gdk-wayland-3.0.pc                      gstreamer-gl-wayland-1.0.pc      harfbuzz-cairo.pc    libout123.pc               orc-test-0.4.pc       tbb.pc
atk.pc                        gdk-x11-3.0.pc                          gstreamer-gl-x11-1.0.pc          harfbuzz-gobject.pc  libpcre2-16.pc             pangocairo.pc         uuid.pc
atspi-2.pc                    geoclue-2.0.pc                          gstreamer-insertbin-1.0.pc       harfbuzz-icu.pc      libpcre2-32.pc             pangofc.pc            vorbisenc.pc
blkid.pc                      gio-2.0.pc                              gstreamer-mpegts-1.0.pc          harfbuzz.pc          libpcre2-8.pc              pangoft2.pc           vorbisfile.pc
cairo-fc.pc                   giomm-2.4.pc                            gstreamer-mse-1.0.pc             harfbuzz-subset.pc   libpcre2-posix.pc          pangomm-2.48.pc       vorbis.pc
cairo-ft.pc                   giomm-2.68.pc                           gstreamer-net-1.0.pc             ibus-1.0.pc          libpng16.pc                pangoot.pc            vulkan.pc
cairo-gobject.pc              gio-qt.pc                               gstreamer-pbutils-1.0.pc         ice.pc               libpng.pc                  pango.pc              wayland-client.pc
cairomm-1.16.pc               gio-unix-2.0.pc                         gstreamer-photography-1.0.pc     icu-i18n.pc          libpulse-mainloop-glib.pc  pangoxft.pc           wayland-cursor.pc
cairomm-ft-1.16.pc            glesv1_cm.pc                            gstreamer-play-1.0.pc            icu-io.pc            libpulse.pc                pciaccess.pc          wayland-egl.pc
cairomm-pdf-1.16.pc           glesv2.pc                               gstreamer-player-1.0.pc          icu-uc.pc            libpulse-simple.pc         pixman-1.pc           wayland-server.pc
cairomm-png-1.16.pc           glib-2.0.pc                             gstreamer-plugins-bad-1.0.pc     Imath.pc             libraw1394.pc              pthread-stubs.pc      x11.pc
cairomm-ps-1.16.pc            glibmm-2.4.pc                           gstreamer-plugins-base-1.0.pc    jack.pc              libselinux.pc              PyImath.pc            x11-xcb.pc
cairomm-svg-1.16.pc           glibmm-2.68.pc                          gstreamer-plugins-good-1.0.pc    jsoncpp.pc           libsepol.pc                python-3.12-embed.pc  xau.pc
cairomm-xlib-1.16.pc          gl.pc                                   gstreamer-riff-1.0.pc            Lerc.pc              libsharpyuv.pc             python-3.12.pc        xcb.pc
cairomm-xlib-xrender-1.16.pc  glx.pc                                  gstreamer-rtp-1.0.pc             libavcodec.pc        libssl.pc                  python3-embed.pc      xcb-render.pc
cairo.pc                      gmodule-2.0.pc                          gstreamer-rtsp-1.0.pc            libavformat.pc       libswresample.pc           python3.pc            xcb-shape.pc
cairo-pdf.pc                  gmodule-export-2.0.pc                   gstreamer-sctp-1.0.pc            libavutil.pc         libswscale.pc              Qt6Concurrent.pc      xcb-shm.pc
cairo-png.pc                  gmodule-no-export-2.0.pc                gstreamer-sdp-1.0.pc             libbrotlicommon.pc   libsyn123.pc               Qt6Core.pc            xcb-xfixes.pc
cairo-ps.pc                   gmp.pc                                  gstreamer-tag-1.0.pc             libbrotlidec.pc      libthai.pc                 Qt6DBus.pc            xcomposite.pc
cairo-script-interpreter.pc   gmpxx.pc                                gstreamer-transcoder-1.0.pc      libbrotlienc.pc      libtiff-4.pc               Qt6Gui.pc             xcursor.pc
cairo-script.pc               gobject-2.0.pc                          gstreamer-va-1.0.pc              libcrypto.pc         libudev.pc                 Qt6Network.pc         xdamage.pc
cairo-svg.pc                  gobject-introspection-1.0.pc            gstreamer-video-1.0.pc           libcrypt.pc          libunwind-coredump.pc      Qt6OpenGL.pc          xdmcp.pc
cairo-tee.pc                  gobject-introspection-no-export-1.0.pc  gstreamer-vulkan-1.0.pc          libcurl.pc           libunwind-generic.pc       Qt6OpenGLWidgets.pc   xext.pc
cairo-xcb.pc                  graphene-1.0.pc                         gstreamer-vulkan-wayland-1.0.pc  libdc1394-2.pc       libunwind.pc               Qt6Platform.pc        xfixes.pc
cairo-xcb-shm.pc              graphene-gobject-1.0.pc                 gstreamer-vulkan-xcb-1.0.pc      libdecor-0.pc        libunwind-ptrace.pc        Qt6PrintSupport.pc    xft.pc
cairo-xlib.pc                 graphite2.pc                            gstreamer-wayland-1.0.pc         libdeflate.pc        libwebpdecoder.pc          Qt6Sql.pc             xinerama.pc
cairo-xlib-xrender.pc         grilo-plugins-0.3.pc                    gstreamer-webrtc-1.0.pc          libdrm_amdgpu.pc     libwebpdemux.pc            Qt6Svg.pc             xi.pc
datrie-0.2.pc                 gstreamer-1.0.pc                        gstreamer-webrtc-nice-1.0.pc     libdrm_intel.pc      libwebpmux.pc              Qt6SvgWidgets.pc      xkbcommon.pc
dbus-1.pc                     gstreamer-allocators-1.0.pc             gthread-2.0.pc                   libdrm_nouveau.pc    libwebp.pc                 Qt6Test.pc            xmu.pc
egl.pc                        gstreamer-analytics-1.0.pc              gtk+-3.0.pc                      libdrm.pc            libxcrypt.pc               Qt6Widgets.pc         xorg-wacom.pc
epoxy.pc                      gstreamer-app-1.0.pc                    gtk4-atspi.pc                    libdrm_radeon.pc     libzstd.pc                 Qt6Xml.pc             xrandr.pc
expat.pc                      gstreamer-audio-1.0.pc                  gtk4-broadway.pc                 libdw.pc             luajit.pc                  rtaudio.pc            xrender.pc
flac.pc                       gstreamer-bad-audio-1.0.pc              gtk4.pc                          libelf.pc            mount.pc                   rtmidi.pc             xscrnsaver.pc
fontconfig.pc                 gstreamer-base-1.0.pc                   gtk4-unix-print.pc               libevdev.pc          numpy.pc                   samplerate.pc         xt.pc
freetype2.pc                  gstreamer-check-1.0.pc                  gtk4-wayland.pc                  libexif.pc           ogg.pc                     sdl2.pc               xtst.pc
fribidi.pc                    gstreamer-codecparsers-1.0.pc           gtk4-x11.pc                      libffi.pc            openal.pc                  sigc++-2.0.pc         xv.pc
fuse.pc                       gstreamer-controller-1.0.pc             gtk+-broadway-3.0.pc             libglvnd.pc          opencv4.pc                 sigc++-3.0.pc         xwayland.pc
gbm.pc                        gstreamer-cuda-1.0.pc                   gtkmm-4.0.pc                     libgphoto2.pc        OpenEXR.pc                 sm.pc                 xxf86vm.pc
gdk-3.0.pc                    gstreamer-fft-1.0.pc                    gtk+-unix-print-3.0.pc           libgphoto2_port.pc   opengl.pc                  sndfile.pc            z3.pc
gdk-broadway-3.0.pc           gstreamer-gl-1.0.pc                     gtk+-wayland-3.0.pc              libjpeg.pc           openssl.pc                 sndio.pc              zlib.pc
gdk-pixbuf-2.0.pc             gstreamer-gl-egl-1.0.pc                 gtk+-x11-3.0.pc                  liblzma.pc           opus.pc                    speech-dispatcher.pc
```

How would I go about fixing this problem? I'm using Rust 1.89.0 on Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS.