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Python does not specifically provide any tooling for this, because packaging is considered a separate domain from the language itself.

If you use third-party tooling to build and distribute your project, it may provide this sort of functionality for you. (Note that some of these tools provide their own build backend and expect you to use it rather than the default Setuptools; some of them may even overwrite and update `pyproject.toml` on your behalf.) However, it seems to be generally assumed that you either know this information already (since you're assumed to have created the project in the first place, or copied it from somewhere that makes the name obvious) or at least don't need to be reminded.

Overall, the simplest, most portable approach is to just read and parse the `pyproject.toml` file. As shown in ArtOfCode's answer, the `yq` command can do this elegantly. Otherwise, Python provides (from 3.11 onward) a TOML parser in the standard library (for earlier versions, use [tomli](https://pypi.org/project/tomli/), which was the basis for the standard library module), which allows a somewhat complex one-liner:

```bash
python -c 'import tomllib; from pathlib import Path; toml=tomllib.loads(Path("pyproject.toml").read_text()); print(toml["project"]["name"])'
```

Or on multiple lines without `pathlib`:

```bash
python -c 'from tomllib import load
with open("pyproject.toml", "rb") as f:
    print(load(f)["project"]["name"])'
```

which can be made into a system script, Bash function or alias, etc. as necessary.